00:00:00 Speaker 1: M so as a storyteller, as a marketer, as a brander. I like to say, they're kind of, you know, twelve ish characters, and there are a handful, maybe nine types of stories, and the best stories combine like these universal storylines with these universal character types. When I was a little kid, people would say of people that like to hunt and fish run around the woods, people would say, he's a modern day Daniel Boom. He wants to be just like Daniel Boom. On this episode of the Bargarase podcast, will be exploring a story as American as cornbread and black eyed Peas. We're talking about one of America's first heroes, Daniel Boone. Will sift through the myth and truth and discuss why the heck we're still talking about him two hundred years after his death. We'll learn about the mechanism of archetypes, and I'll interview two New York Times bestselling authors, Stephen Ranella and Robert Morgan about their fascination with Boone. The truth is wilder than the myth. This is part one of our series on Old Daniel Boone, and in it will walk through the first thirty five years of his life. You're not gonna wanna miss this one, but first let me request of you two things. This series is different than previous Burgers podcasts. It's a big bike to tell the life story of someone like Boone and try to understand their impact on American culture. And honestly, it was more challenging than I thought it would be. But if you'll stick around with me through this, you'll be glad you did. Lastly, take a quick inventory of everything you know about Daniel Boone to give you a jump start. I'll help you fit Dan into a timeline. He would was born in seventeen thirty four and died in eighteen twenty, But what did he do in between? My name is Clay Nukelem and this is the Bear Grease Podcast, where we'll explore things forgotten but relevant, search for insight and unlikely places, and where we'll tell the story of Americans who lived their lives close to the land. Presented by f HF Gear, American made purpose built hunting and fishing gear as designed to be as rugged as the places we explore. That Okay, this is Josh Lambridge Spillmaker. Tell me everything you know about Daniel. I know he was a big man, I know he fought for America to keep all Americans free. That's what I know. You're watching the old Disney Daniel Boone was a man. It's a big man because he fought for America to capel American. I'm shocked. You know that song. Okay, a couple of things. Daniel Boone was five ft eight and way a hundred and seventy five pounds. That literally just destroyed my my. I thought Daniel Boon was like Paul Bunyon. Okay, and the other thing in the song, it talks about him wearing a coonskin cap, which he didn't he did. I don't know where you're getting their information, but I've seen the movies. He wore a coonskin cap. This is my other buddy, Jonathan, tell me, uh, every thing you know about Daniel Boone. How much time do you got tell me everything. I literally don't know much other than his name and that he was an American, that he was a pioneer. He worked with the He worked with the Native Americans to discover things and discover the woods. He was an outdoorsman. Discover the woods, discover the woods, discover things inside of the woods. I feel like I want to say he was at the Alamo. I really, like naturally want to say he was a part of the Alamo. But then I feel like it was a guy the the Jim Booe was that, that's the Jim Boos at the Alamo. Like then I kept saying, and then I kept saying David Bowie. I kept getting Daniel Boone and David Bowie mixed up in my head. That's really all I know about Daniel Boone. The action adventure series Daniel Boone ran on television from nineteens sixty four to nineteen seventy on NBC. But that wasn't the beginning of our interest with Boone. America in the world has been fascinated with him since seventy four, when a former school teacher named John Philson published a single chapter in his book which the book was about the American Frontier in Kentucky, and the chapter was called the Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone. Boone was fifty years old at the time, and this catalyzed his fame not just in America but in Europe. Not long after Boone's death in eighteen twenty, his first biography was written, and authors have feverishly written about him for the last two hundred years. Just in one a new Boone biography came out. What did this man do? And why are we infatuated with the life of this back woodsman? This is Steve and Ella. I think the people know that he was a woodsman and they know he was a frontiersman. The reason I know that is the guy became famous. He became famous in his own life. He was you know, he could almost argue he's one of those first He was one of those people that kind of became famous for being famous. Like the fame self perpetu The fame was self perpetuating because there were a lot of people, A lot of people were engaged in the things that Boone was engaged here. So you have this guy, like why do we know so much about him? But there were other long hunters. They can't figure out what their names were. Do you really expect me to run Mr Boone the way I see it running, Beach Dyan. The myth and lore around Boone is thick, and I'd like to whittle this down to the truth. But is that even possible. Time is like a carousel ride. There's a point when you get on and another. When you get off, you don't get to choose who you ride with. History allows us to look back at people who got off the ride before us, but it often leaves me feeling cheated. There's something intimate about an in person conversation, eye contact, human voice to human ear, and physical proximity. One man who I would have ridden a mule across the country to meet, just to look in his eyes, to see his hands, and to exchange a few words with would have been Daniel Boone. Carousel has cheated me out of getting a firsthand sense of who he was. Boone is shrouded in deep mystery. He's an American legend icon and archetype. To sum up Boone's life, he was a backwoodsman that taught us to chair fish, solitude, and wilderness, which was a foreign concept to the world. Raised the Quaker, he was influenced heavily by Native Americans and was even adopted as a Shawnee. He was a frontiersman, known for making the Cumberland Gap famous and settling the Kentucky Frontier. He embodied the westward expansion of America, which led this country to what it is today. He was uneducated, but influenced America's literary giants. He fought in the Revolutionary War for America, but was tried for treason by the Americans. He attained global fame in his lifetime, owned over thirty thousand acres in Kentucky, but he died a common and poor man. He was a contemporary of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin, and only their stories have been told more in American history than Daniel Boone. It's common for people to say that Boone is an American archetype. I want to get a better understanding of what that means and how they work. Seth Haines is a published author and the founder of through Line Strategy and brand. A couple of years ago, he introduced me to the idea of archetypes as they're used in modern branding. Meet my buddy Seth Paynes. So, in my work as a writer and in my work doing branding and marketing, we use archetypes a lot as sort of shortcuts for characters. And there's you know, some some old work that's been done on this by Carl Eung. There's about twelvish archetypes twelvish universal characters. So as the storyteller, as a marketer, as a brander, I like to say, they're kind of, you know, twelve ish characters. And there are a handful, maybe nine types of stories, and the best stories combine like these universal storylines with these universal character types. Um so and so this is almost like something that's going on in the background that we don't even realize, but we'll totally identify with yeah, and and everyone in the world. I mean, I think if you were to break down your life and say, here are the people in my life, you could almost break them down to oh, yeah, this guy represents the character of an outlaw. You know, he's always a rebel, he's always on the run, he's always something. This person represents the character of an explorer, someone who's always out in the wilderness looking for something to get into, some expression of freedom. And these character types, or what we call archetypes. So an archetypal expression is just simply like, this is the character that I play in the universal story of life. Can you give me an example of a national American figure that we've used as an archetype, like like Johnny Cash. It's like an outlaw archetype. Yeah, I love Johnny Cash as an archetype because I actually think he's terribly complex. The Man in Black is I mean a thousand present the rebel right. I mean, if you picture Johnny Cash day, you'd see him, you know, on a Harley with his guitar slung over his shoulder or something, and always pushing the boundaries, always pushing it back against societal norms and so and he's always trying to to bring even in his music, you know, Wood he Got Through is another example of this, always trying to push against the norms of society to find what's true and what's real. Johnny Cash, though, I love because when you really look at his life, like he was also extremely generous. I mean the stories I've heard about Johnny Cash's generosity for everything from kids, to sick people to the elderly. Um, he truly cared for his community of people. So he had this public persona that was very much rebel, but he also had this private life that was very much caregiver. And so sometimes I think we even find that we embody different archetypes depending on where we are. That's a good that's a good example because what I see inside these archetypes and even inside of Boon is that they repres sent to people that really don't know them. This one dominant feature. Like Johnny Cash is an outlaw, outlaw music outlaw. He's complex, you realize he's a human and he has this bigger space. Like Boone is this courageous explorer, you know, frontiersman, conquering wilderness. That's something that we like. But that was actually a pretty not I'm not gonna say a small part, but there was much more to Boone's life than that. But the point being, we we are embracing something. It's kind of like a shroud of marketing around a person. It's branding. Yeah, it's a hun and so you know, one of the things that we like to say when we talk about branding is that branding is biological. And so what we do is humans, is we take a character or take a person, and we impute to them or give to them. Like the character type of the story that that you know best sort of resonates with us internally. And I'll tell you, man, the biggest characters in American history understand that, know that and embrace it, and it becomes part of their mystique and part of their branding, and that's what gives them lasting influence. And that's what's wild about Boon is it was clear that he, even even in the seventeen hundreds, when there was not social media, I mean like high level technology, was someone writing with a quill and ink you know, it's your story. He played the part and it wasn't inauthentic. It wasn't it was It wasn't like he was trying to drum up publicity around his life. He was who he was. But at the same time he was pretty masterful at doing things, saying things, and being things at the right time for people to remember him. These archetypes basically are our human shortcuts to understand the world around us. Understanding the mechanisms of culture building is important. I also think it's interesting that most of what we know about Boone didn't come directly from him, and there in Liza's mystery, wildly two different drafts of firsthand interviews with him were defunct. One manuscript was completed but lost. The other manuscript was incomplete but lost to what the heck? Who's in charge here? However, in eighteen fifty one, thirty one years after Boone's death, a young nerdy librarian and historian from New York named Lyman Draper traveled to Missouri to interview Daniel's youngest and only living son, Nathan Boone, who at the time was seventy years old. It was said that Draper was quote nearly obsessed by the passing of the old frontiersman, and he determined to collect as much material and interview as many survivors as possible. Draper and Nathan give us the most intimate and accurate look into Boone's life. You can actually buy them compiled as a book titled My Father Daniel Boone. Here's an excerpt from the manuscripts. My grandfather's squire Boone was a weaver and a farmer. His residence was probably an only He kept at least five or six looms going at one time. He had his homestead and in the grass season moved his stock back several miles distance to a fine range where cow pens were made for hurting cattle at nights, and a cabin was built in which Miss Boone spent the dairy season in attending to her milk. During the mild weather, Her son Daniel went with her to act as a herdsman. He went with the cattle during the daily roaming through the woods and brought them back each evening. This was his chief occupation from the age of ten to seventeen. This move was an annual affair, and Ms Boone always went personally to attend the dairy, and her son Daniel was always attendant to watch her and take care of the cattle. My father soon became fond of the woods, even at the age of ten. He would carry a club a grub dug up by the roots, nicely shaven down, leaving a rudy knob at the end, which he called his herdsman's club. He became an expert in using it to kill birds in small game. This life enabled him to study their habits. When he was twelve or thirteen, his father bought him a gun and he became a good marksman. The only problem was that he often neglected his hurting duties to hunt, but this experience gave him his love of woods and hunting. Daniel's brother, Samuel, was born in seventeen twenty eight. According to the records of Squire Boone Jr. Samuel had a very intelligent wife who taught my father to read, spell and write a little. This was all the education Daniel ever had, as he never attended school, but he acquired more education by his own efforts, particularly in writing, as he could do little more than rudely write his own name. In all my research on Boone, I was moved by Nathan's account of his father. I envisioned me talking about my own father or my son, recounting my life long after my passing. We're gonna camp around Boone for a few episodes. He influenced the American Hedgemont the way that we think and to understand who we are. I think we need to acknowledge and be aware of the boon influence. I'm interested in how Boone has influenced my life unknowingly. Stephen Runnella is the founder of a company called meat Eater, the company that this Here Bear Grease podcast is produced by. He's in New York's best selling author, an American Hunter, but he's also known as a national Boone expert. Runella began his young life in the outdoors with dreams of being a full time trapper like Boone was during periods of his life. It was a real treat to get to sit with Steve and talk Boone. There's been like countless boon biography has written since the time of just after he died. Has recently sent me up still So okay, so people have this I can, and that is exactly what I want to talk to you about. Why are we so well? I want to I want to dive into your personal interest in Boone? Why were you so interested in boon Man when I was When I was just a little kid, people would say, of people that like to hunt and fish, okay, run around the woods. People would say, he's a modern day Daniel Boone. He wants to be just like Daniel Boone. He's a real Daniel Boone. It means like the consummate woodsman, right, It's like the dedicated woodsman. I didn't realize when I first started to hear that term, you know, growing up with it, I didn't realize like how correct it was. I think the people know that he was a woodsman, and they know he was a frontiersman. The reason I know that as the guy became famous, he became famous in his own life. He was you know, he could almost argue he's one of those first he was one of those people that kind of became famous for being famous, Like the fame self perpetu. The fame was self perpetuating because Um, there were a lot of people, a lot of people were engaged and the things that Boone was engaged in. There were a lot of market hunters, there were a lot of long hunters. There were a lot of people who got tangled up in the American Revolution, in the western front of the American Revolution. There were a lot of people who one and lost a ton of money speculating in land. There were a lot of people that started frontier settlements or stations out on the frontier. Tons of people did this stuff. Boone wasn't the first one to go through the Cumberland Gap, and of course he wasn't the first one. Boone wasn't the first year American to go through the Cumberland Gap. But he owns that event because like he got he got a notoriety and I'm not I'm glad it happened. And people started to ask questions. They talked to his relatives, they talked to the children of his children, and and his body like built up. So you have this guy, like why do we know um so much? About him. But there were all their long hunters. They came figure out what their names were. Yeah, who were his contemporaries? Because I know because it never like the seed never got started, the idea that like to to to investigate an individual, that happened with Boone, And the investigation continued and continue to continue to the point where we put together for like really remarkable. Um, it's really remarkable biography of dates and where he went, what he did, what his feelings about things were. Um. And then people tracked down the people he hung out with, they tracked down his relatives. There's a later on a researcher like a historian his time whever he went to talk to Boone's kid. Yeah, relates the story where you have insight into Um. The story I'm gonna tell you is an example of like how thorough the investigation of Boone was. Right, Boone became a little bit famous and was well known. I mean, he wasn't like everybody else he was. He was exemplary. People recognized in his own time that he was an outstanding woodsman. But as he became famous, it prompted more and more people to go and interview him, and the people around him. So that little bit, like imagine a snowball rolling down a hill and went snow right. He had a little bit of fame, which is the initial bit of the thing going. But it led to investigation, which led to investigation, which led to an investigation. Were eventually you know, you have this like this one individual of of dozens of long hunters, of his contemporaries, this one individual who we put together a ton of information about, and there's a there's an interesting thing that comes from like very late in his life. Someone was interviewing one of his children one time, and the kids describing this is that this is after the after the bulk of the Indian Wars are over, this is after the American Revolution. His kids describing being out hunting with his father. I think maybe it would be best if we hear it in the words of Nathan Boone himself. In the fall of father and I were out hunting. We camped on the northern bank of the Ohio River, some two or three miles above the mouth of Campaign Creek, which was ten or twelve miles above Point Pleasant. It was frosty weather and the leaves were falling. About the second morning, a foggy morning. My father went off, leaving me alone at the camp. A large fine buck came within twenty or twenty five steps of camp. I seized my small rifle. This was not my little bird rifle, which used the ball about the size of a buckshot, that one I used to kill birds and squirrels near Crooked Creek back of Point Pleasant. This larger rifle was made by my father and William R. Buckle, a gunsmith. I rested his gun against one of the camp posts and fired, but the deer ran off. Father heard the shot and returned to camp. He asked me to point out where the deer stood. There he found hair which the ball had cut off. Then he followed the trail found blood. Sixty year eighty yards further he found the dead deer. This was the first deer I ever killed. But my father didn't leave me at camp anymore. He took me with him two or three times and pointed out deer, then showed me how to manage to get off shots. I was not to move or attempt to steal up on the deer when his head was up and chewing, and when he was looking around, but to do so when his head was down feeding and could not so well see me. Following this advice, I killed one or two other deer during this hunt. While we were together. My father shot a bear and one or two others when he was alone the first day. From these two or three bear we saved all the meat, and of the ten or fifteen deer, we saved the best hind quarters. On the fifth night, about midnight, I had been asleep for some time, but my father, Daniel Boone, heard of chopping or hacking some distance above and across the river. He awakened me, and he told me he thought the noise was made by Indians, as he thought it was made by their hatchet. He concluded that Indians had probably seen the fire at our camp, and we're making a raft to cross. We carried meat and skins to our canoe, which was twenty five yards camp, and returned to our fire again. The night was clear and frosty and a little foggy, so we remained at our fire with our blankets for some time. After the chopping ceased. We then went to our canoe. There we stayed some ten minutes until we heard the Indians paddling in the water. At that time, We pushed off, and father ordered me to roll his blanket around myself and lie down in the canoe. He said, in the stern put the paddle carefully in the water, and then gave a push. We went forward noiselessly and were soon in the main current, which washed us down the river. On the way, Father put his head over the canoe, close to the water, and he said he thought he could catch a glimpse of the Indians. He had looked between the surface of the water and the fog which did not quite reach the water, And soon we were beyond harm stream and escapes and the kids says. His kid says, in that moment, I kind of understood the year that that man lived with his whole life. So here you have like interviews with his kids talking about his like analyzing the guy's emotional state. We don't have that one of Boone's hunting partners. All we know is like basically he got killed one of dying in a hollow tree and the story mm hmm. But with him, man, we got all the goods. Yeah, almost too many goods, because there's a lot as you know, there's people that are always bringing an artifact. Oh this is Boone's gone. This is Boone's hatchet. You know, it's all hardwash. When Boone was in his mid fifties, this is this is what I've calculated. When Boone was in his mid fifties was when the first biography that includes well, it wasn't a full biography, but a guy came down and interviewed him and included him in this book that went global and it was about the American frontier. So was it a combination that the war the eyes of the world. We're on this boundary between the American colony and this vast frontier that we knew nothing about. I mean, this was like the spot in the world that people were interested in. And then this guy wrote and it was included in part of this book. Sky wrote, this included Boone, and then all of a sudden, everybody's eyes were on Boone and he was mythologized first. It's kind of funny because like the first treatments of him were overblown mythologizing. You know, um, guys like him and Davy Crockett had the same thing, like very people like like the lump these guys together with very different people born far apart um, you know, just very different. But they're both hunters, and they're both frontiersmen to some extent, but they both had this thing where they were living with people telling crazy stories about them that weren't even true. And it became later historians based on this infatuation with these guys, these like superhuman individuals, you know, uh, based on the historians later kind of like a type of book that would later be written about Boone was sorting out fact from fiction fiction the man from the legend, and that became a whole you know, sub genre of Boone literature is when people stopped and been like, Okay, obviously that's all both, but what was this guy like? Like? What really was he like? And then when you look at what he really was like, it's more interesting than the mythologized version. There have been around ten legitimate Boone biographies written over the last two hundred years, and they're still being written today. However, one stands out to many, including Steve Ronnella, as the Bible of Boon biographies, and it's simply titled Boone. It's written by Cornell University professor Robert Morgan. I was unsure if Mr Morgan was still professionally active. But I reached out to him and was delighted when he was handed back within a few hours, inviting me to his home in New York. Mr Morgan is in his mid seventies and has dedicated his life to writing on the Appalachian region in which he grew up. He's a New York Times bestselling author who calls himself a poet that writes some fiction. Poets are a unique lot. They're often introspective and unusually contemplated. Sometimes you meet someone with a spirit about them that seems to pervade the space they fell. Mr Morgan is such a man. They were applaid shirt and suspenders. His accomplished professional career hasn't overshadowed as rural roots. I was struck by his stoic yet joyful demeanor, his humility and confidence, and his exhaustive familiarity with Boone. It's an honor to introduce you to Mr Robert Morgan. I I've been fascinated with Boone really since I read your book, probably ten years ago. And I would have known Boon just from the typical way an American kid would have known Boone, you know, just from from the Disney movies, kind of odd places sometimes that his his name would come up, but really knew nothing about him. And then when I read your book, I was enthralled with who this guy really was. What was your interest in Boone originally? Well, when I was growing up, my dad would talk about him. He he just loved to talk about Daniel Boone and the Frontier and he said we were related to Boone through the Morgans. Boone's mother was a Morgan, and this turns out to be true, is a very distant relation. Boone and I have a common ancestor in Wales and North Wales. But I think the first thing to know about the Boon families is they were Quakers, and the Boone family in way down in in the southwestern England around Exeter, they were weavers and blacksmiths. So this had a lot of influence on Boone's character all the way through his life. And of course they talked pacifism, quietness. The mother from Wales was a musical person. It's love to sing, and this also was an influence. So this family taught him this very pacifistic way of life. And it's odd because he's associated with Indian fighting and hunting, and of course that's part of the myth that he killed lots of Indians. He may have killed only one in his life. The real Boon is somewhat different from the legend, and that was part of the fun of researching and writing the book to separate these two. The actual character Daniel Boone and all these things in the movies and the legends, they do overlap some. I think the legend is has its roots and Boon, but he's actually a very different person. Uh. The monument in in Frankfort, Kentucky has him killing panthers and fighting with the Indians and that sort of thing. And and but that's not the real Moon. He was very pacifistic, very calm person, spoke calmly in a very low voice, and the evidence suggests. And one other thing it's important to remember is that his father was kicked out of the Quakers and became a Freemason. So this new very important organization in the eighteenth century that taught the brotherhood of all men, of all people. I think he was influenced by that, and he later became a Mason himself. Very early. He loved the forest. The family recognized that that he he could hunt, he could fine animals, he could trap. He lived out in the woods with his mother in the summertime. She took care of the cows, and he wanted it already to live like an Indian then to spend time in the forest, and there were Indians around. It's clear that he had a lot of Native American influence even from an early age. That overlap of society in the Pennsylvania area. That would have been pretty common, Like he would have just been out wandering around and run into Native Americans that he could have befriended. That would not have been hostile, right his His parents hosted Indians. Indians become and stay there in their house from time to time. Pennsylvania and especially that area had a much better relationship with with indigenous people than most of the other states. The land was bought from them for one thing, and I think there's only one battle with Indians and all the history of that part of Pennsylvania. Soon got to know them, he imitated them. He loved to be in the forest, and I say in my biography that he was sort of divided between the mother world of the forest where he went with his mother and the father world of town and professions and blacksmithing and business money, that sort of thing. But there's no doubt he was more drawn to the mother world of the forest all of his life. At the very beginning, he was drawn to live like an Indian. Then like an Indian. It was always there from the very beginning. This is Stephen Ronella. He became those this guy like brought home a lot of game and also people that would begin relationships with Indians that lived in his area. But when he lived there, as he became older and became being a man, he became and this is kind of like where his real fame started to be a boon became a long hunter. He had always hunted for the family, okay, meaning he would hunt bears, he would hunt deer. They like to eat bear meat, they like to use dear meat, they ate it, but mainly was like the primary asset. The primary good you got from deer was leather, and people on the frontier preferred bear meat over dear meat. I'm sure he had probably always been involved in some like commercial activities, but as he became a young man in North Carolina, he became a commercial hunter, not just hunting for the pot right, not hunting for the family, but he would go out hunt deer, hunt, bear, trap, beaver, trap, otter in order to sell goods. And that's really the occupation that's like the livelihood that kind of boons. Most of his life was really centered around and a lot of his movements as he moved ever westward. His big famous move was when he moved into the Kentucky territory, was hunting out looking for good hunting ground. It's important to remember that these English commoners didn't know how to hunt when they arrived in the New World and europe hunting was reserved for the nobility, so they relied heavily on Native American methods of hunting and cooking game. Once, when Daniel was young, he cooked a turkey over an open fire and used a curved piece of bark to capture the drippings to base the turkey. His mother asked him where he learned this, and he said, quote the Indians. In seventeen thirty six, a band of twenty five Delaware Indians stayed at the Boon Homestead. Daniel would have just been a toddler at the time, but the point is that their lives overlapped with Indians since he was a child. However, it wouldn't just be hunting that he learned from them. He adopted select parts of their worldview that he saw as superior to the European worldview. I want to read an excerpt for Mr Morgan's book on your European and Native American world views. Colonists were surprised that Indians showed so little interest in accumulating wealth. The two cultures generally misunderstood each other. Europeans often assumed that Indians had no religion because they saw no recognizable ritual or symbols of worship. The Indians had no word for animal or beast as distinct from human. To them, all living things had spirits or souls. Not only did the animals have spirits, but the guardian spirits of people usually appeared as animals. Owning land in the White Way made no more sense than owning a tract of air or sunlight. Indians were rich by desiring Little William Cronin rights. The English passion for accumulating wealth struck the Indians as insanity. For this and other reasons, Indian holy men often began to describe whites as created for a different purpose. Both Indians and Whites suspected each other of witchcraft. Indians were thought to worship the devil, and Indians, in turn, were convinced the English were in league with evil spirits. All too soon, the Indians concluded the invaders were stupid and laughed. But the whites who got to know Indians found them more honest and tolerant than most of their own race. It was said by some that Indians were more quote Christian than the English, showing greater charity towards the land and its inhabitants. Later in Boone's life, we'd see that he never values accumulation of wealth, and frankly wasn't very good at it. Back to Mr Morgan describing Boone as a young man, but this famous quote from the father who was told by a relative that Daniel Leely wasn't going to school. He was skipping school, and he hadn't learned to spell. And the father say, let the others learn to spell. Daniel is the hunter. He was a will bring us the meat. So while he was growing up there he he was a prankster. Also, he was always playing tricks on people. He was a fun person. That's why he was so popular. He had lots of jokes, he could keep people laughing. He had a dynamic person charismatic personality. He was a leader from the very beginning. He was the kind of person who was a magnet. If he was in the room, everybody would be drawn to him. He had that leadership ability. So from the very beginning he was divided between that kind of leadership and the white world and this solitary world of the forest, and that also was with him from the very beginning to the end of his life. This really begin to show when they moved to North Carolina to the Adkin Valley about seventeen fifty or fifty one, because that was even wilder, and he began to live in the forest, go for longer hunts, go out trapping, and he became known. And he would have been a teenager at that time when he moved to the Yadkin in North Carolina, he would have been sixteen or seventeen, so just the prime budding age for a young man and outdoorsman to really start to so was Oates. He soon became well known as a marksman and a hunter and the people. Some people were jealous of him, but he was so skillful as a tracker, as a hunter even then, even even at the age of seventeen or eighteen, that his legend began to grow. This is a good place to give a high level review of Boone's early life. He was born on October sevent thirty four, near Reading, Pennsylvania. He was the first generation American. His parents had come over from England a few years prior. We've got to remember this was before the Revolutionary War, so they weren't really Americans yet. His dad's squire got in squabbles with the Quaker Church and they left Pennsylvania and moved into the wild country of the Yadkin Valley in North Carolina, which at the time would have been the boundaries of European settlement in the colonies. It was here that Daniel started to make a name for himself as a hunter and explorer. I want to read another short excerpt from Mr Morgan's book. From the time he was a boy, Boone had a flair for the dramatic. He seemed to know instinctively how to make himself noticed remembered. As a young man, he began to create for himself the role of Daniel Boone and he spent much of his life perfecting that role. Despite his later protestation that he was quote but a common man, he seemed to wear from his early youth that he was not just playing himself, but a type what Emerson would later call a representative man. Boone would embody in his actions and attitude the aspirations and character of the whole era. At least once, Daniel became so distracted by his own explorations that he forgot the hours of the day, his home, the fact that he was supposed to help his mother before it got dark. Sarah had to round up the kettle herself and do the milking, strain the milk and put it in the springhouse. To stay cool, calm and prayerful, she worked at churning butter from the clavered milk. But when Daniel did not come home by the next morning and still had not returned by noon, she had no choice but to walk five miles back to town to get help. A search party was formed and they combed over the Olie Hills all the way to the never Seek Mountain range west of the Monocacy Valley. They found no sign of Daniel that afternoon, but starting out. Early the next morning, they traveled further in spotted a column of smoke. Later in the afternoon, they reached the source of the smoke and found Daniel sitting on a bear skin and roasting fresh bear meat over the fire. When asked if he was lost, he said no, he had known where he was all along on the south shoulder of the hill, nine miles from the pasture. The search party accused him of scaring his mother and forcing them all to waste time looking for him, but he calmly answered he had started tracking the bear and didn't want to lose it, and besides, here was fresh meat for everybody. Whether the story is true or just one of the legends that grew around Boon later in life, it reveals as much about the way he was perceived and remembered as it does about his character. People later recalled that even from his boyhood, there was a sense that Daniel had been singled out. The story of the search party echoes the story in Luke two forty nine of the twelve year old Jesus lost from Marion Joseph. The boys finally found in the temple conversing with the elders. When he is questioned and scolded, he explains that he had quote been about his father's business. The sense of the story is that Boone had already found his calling and destiny. It is clear he also knew how to make a memorable impression. For Boone, there was something erotic about the woods, a playground, a place of sometimes dangerous pleasure, and some would later suggest that with his lifelong passion for hunting, there was a part of Boon that never quite grew up. Back to Mr Morgan, as he describes a big event in young Daniel's life, then this big event in his life when he was about twenty one. He was born in seventeen thirty four and the French and Indian War started. So it's seventeen fifty five and he goes with the militia up into Virginia and John's George Washington's forces that are going to join the British led by General Braddock, and everybody knows the story of Braddock's defeat. They moved towards the Fort Duquesne and uh they were ambushed by the French and the Indians, and a lot were killed. And Boone was not a soldier. He was a teamster, and blacksmith teamster, meaning he he drove wagons, drove wagons, but around the campfires. He had met a man called Finlay, and Finlay had told him about his trip into Kentucky. He had going down the Ohio River as a peddler, he was a businessman, going all the way to the falls where was now Louisville. That he had traded with the Shawnees at the village of Eski Parka Thiki, which is where Winchester, Kentucky is now, and he had seen the bluegrass. So he told these stories of this amazing place, so beautiful, buffalo elk, dear beavers, and it didn't seem to be inhabited by Indians. There was at one village of escu Parka Thiki, and Boon determined them that someday he was going to the Bluegrass. So this is when he was in his early twenties, is when he met Finley right who told him about this. And this would have been so this would have been over the Appalachian Range, which at the time was this impenetrable barrier. It's it's really bizarre to think about it now because we have highway systems and do we have this modern transportation. It's almost like you have to reel yourself deeply back into history and a race. How you con driving a car, get an airplane. I mean, these people were confined massively by transportation, so Kentucky would have been like another planet. It was considered unreasonable for several reasons. The Indians it's dangerous to go there, had to climb over the mountains Blue Ridge, the Alleghanies to get there, and the Cumberlands. But they were also forbidden to go there after the French and Indian War, that that was to be divided up for the officers and ordinary people weren't supposed to go. Now, some white explorers had gone there, and uh Dr Thomas Walker I believe had actually found what we call Cumberland Gap, and he's the one who named it. We think John Finley was twenty years older than Boone and told Dan some marvelous tales of going into Kentucky. Findley would have been the man in Boone's life who inadvertently steered him into what many would say was his calling death Deny. He must have noted that young Daniel was highly interested in his stories of Kentucky, because ten years later he'd go visit Boon at his house and proposed a wild plan, but Finlay showed up as a traitor and he had a little money. They planned this trip. They got together with several people in the spring of seventeen sixty nine and left on first of May. Now let's see, now Daniel would have been by this time in his thirties. He would have been so this would have been ten years after he originally heard about it from Finlay. He wasn't able to to outfit a group to go, and he had other things on his mind. When he got back from Braddock's defeat that trip, he was in love with this beautiful girl, Rebecca Brian and they were married, uh not too long after. And Boon had a family soon and you know how to find arm and he had to support them by by working as a teamster. And and U primarily as a trapper, hunting deer. In the summertime that he hunted deer for the hides because the hide was in its best condition and a hide was worth a Spanish dollar, so a hide became a buck. Right in wintertime, he primarily trapped for fur because that's when it was in its prime, so That's what he was doing most of the time, right. He also went off on a trip to Florida, of all things, Yeah, and actually bought him a bit of of land down there, but Rebecca refused to go. And so that was in seventeen sixty five that he went to Florida. He didn't he owned land near Pensacola. He did. He bought some land and came back, arrived on Christmas to take his family there, and Rebecca just put her foot down she would not go. I have in my notes here Boon was like a typical timeshare Florida owner who bought his land and never went back. And during during this time, like when you try to understand the motivations for people to do these kind of things, this was a time of exploration of geographic exploration in North America. I mean it was like, I don't want to say trendy, but it was I guess in a sense explorers. There was a lot of financial gain to be made from well from long hunters who could go and make a good living long hunting into new territory. But it was just a different time, in a different mentality. Who was said that Boone was fiddle footed that he just couldn't stay still. But to think of it, I mean, here was this continent and that much of it had not been explored. Jefferson was very interested in exploring it, for instance, But I think of people coming from Europe, mostly poor people who never had to hunt it. Hunting was for the upper classes, even firearms or for the upper classes. And they arrived in North America and it's this vast wilderness, animals to hunt to trap, and you get a gun and you could go anywhere you wanted. You could, you could explore that. And for the Scotch Irish it really was like a miracle that they had been moved from Scotland to Ireland and then the land had been taken away from them in Ireland. So you arrive here and basically all you have to do is find a patch somewhere and and make sure the Indians are cleared out, and you could grow things, you could hunt, claim a new life. So it was a very exciting time and exploring was one of the main things they did. But particularly Boon's time over the mountains. I say in the biography that Kentucky was the key because once you could get to Kentucky, that, and you could go further down the Ohio over into Ohio over into what became Indiana, Illinois, and beyond that the Mississippi Valley, and beyond that the Missouri Valley and these mountains. You heard of the snow Cap and uh, that was really thrilling. People were and the women, not just the men, the women wanted to go there too. It was it was a very exciting time. So we've covered about thirty years of Daniel's life. He was a backwoods kid, influenced by Quaker and Native American ideology. By the time he was in his teens, he was an accomplished hunter. When he was twenty one, he served under the George Washington, like the father of our country, George Washington, in the French and Indian War. In seventeen fifty six, he married the beautiful, black haired and black eyed Rebecca Brian and they started on their way towards having ten children. And if we're telling our story chronologically, Dan is now thirty three years old. He's a common backwoodsman, and it's now seventeen sixty seven. Now Mr Morgan will get back to Daniel and John Finlay's first trip into Kentucky. And it's worth noting for the boon Nerds out there that Dan actually had been into Kentucky for a short time on another trip, but thought he was in Virginia. He later would realize he had dipped into Kentucky and was unimpressed with what he'd seen. Okay, they they got together. There's a lot of disagreement about this, but somebody funded this finlay may have have contributed to it. But the job was how do you get there? You could get there by going down the Ohio, but how did you get to Kentucky as they called it. Well, they figured out that the Indians for thousands of years have been going there on the warriors Path, and if they could find the warriors Path, they could follow it out of it, take them through the gap into Kentucky. And this is this is something they would have just heard through interactions with Native Americans. They would they would have heard them say there's this, there's a gap in the mountains. They would. I mean there was enough contact, particularly Boone. I mean he'd gotten to know a lot of Cherokees, he had been cheated by them. He possibly had a Cherokee wife. We don't know that but some people said he did. And by the way, they also say that that Cherokee wife was African American an escaped slave, because I have actually met African Americans who claimed to be descended from Daniel. Really, I have what what is your what is your personal feeling? Do you think that's true? I think it's quite possible. Really, what about his Quaker upbringing and being like devoted to his wife? Like, how in contrasting that with character we see in other parts of his life, would that just have been I don't know, how would you explain? I think there are many facets character and many compartments in his mind. He had this amazing ability to blend in with people and groups ever he was, and this saved him many times. That he he understood other people. He had a mind like Shakespeare. I mean, who could get into the mind very different people and to be sympathetic with them. I don't know that he had a Cherokee wife, but I think it's possible. And uh, you know, if you were with an Indian group, you had to be sleeping with one woman or they would think you were a very bad it was I read it was inhospitable if you were a guest in some of these tribes. They would if you would not do that, it would be you you thought you were better, or you know, you were not one of them. So I just say it's possible. Well, I guess the way he fit in so well with the Native Americans, and we'll talk more about him being kidnapped by the shine and that, but the fact that he was able to blend in so well, I can see how that would make sense. That he might have just because to be able to fit in so well, it may have been a necessity, so he would have known about this gap. They went north from the Atkin to what was called Wolf Hills, which we call Abingdon, Virginia, and there they found the trail that Boone was good enough to read the sign the tracks, so they followed it to the southwest over Powell's River and Powell's Mountain, and they came to the Cumberland Mountains. And this is a really dramatic place. You can go there and these mountains have cliffs on them, and there's the most forbidding things. It really is. It's like it's threatening, these high cliffs, just mile after mile after mile and keep going and then suddenly you see this gap between them, like a gun side, and there it is. They found it what Dr. Thomas Walker called Cumberland Gap. And you cross that and there's a river. You got to cross the Cumberland River. You go through another gap and then you reached the Knob Country. And the famous paintings are a boon on top of the hill seeing into the blue grass Kentucky, and this is called the Pizga Vision. Moses on Pizga he could look into the Promised Land. But Boone could go into the promised land. Moses couldn't go right right. So you have this amazing idol of the boon in his group here for the deer, buffalo and elk beaver. Boone is now into Kentucky and what happened there will shape the rest of his life and America's what's interesting is that it's in the next ten years that most of what he's famous for, the things that defined his life, will happen. Mr Morgan had something to say about this to this day. We put this quote in in a frame in our house, and we did it when we were about thirty years old, so this would have been about ten years ago. But you said, in his mid thirties. A man either reaches out towards risk and glory or stays within the routines of the expected and ordinary. It is the age when men leave safe homes and jobs and go on voyages and odyssees and perform transforming sacrifices. It's the age when Walt Whitman wrote Leaves of Grass and Columbus started planning his voyage to the Indies. It's an age at which visionaries become profits, or explorers or inventors, or make fools of themselves trying. So I would have read this book when I was about thirty years old, and it just feels so true. This this window of time in life is so important. And you went on to give these examples of work that these artists and poets and explorers did when they were in their thirties, and you made the point that much of Boone's life was defined by this ten year period basically from seventeen seventy to about seventeen eighty. The Cumberland Gap in Kentucky and all these things things he's famous for. Yeah, we've done in that time. Yeah, Well it's uh. I got the idea from the study of the Romantic poets words Worth in Coleridge lived much longer, but almost everything that we associate with them has done in that in the ten years and more. Equipment is the perfect example that Whitman wrote all of these great poems, it's about in that period, it's a little bit more about eleven years, and devoted the rest of his life to writing prose. Basically write some poems. Uh, but I was also thinking of physicists and mathematicians, and yeah that they do their great work relatively early. Mathematics actions even earlier, but physicist and other scientists use it a little bit later. Novelist. Also, novelists usually get going about the age of thirty and at the age of forty early forties, like none most of the great work a few exceptions, but on this first episode we've basically covered the first thirty five years of Daniel's life up to him traversing the Cumberland Gap and going into Kentucky. This is just the beginning of the famed part of his life. And remember at this point no one knew his name. Daniel would live to be eighties six years old. In the remaining fifty one years of his life are more wild than the first. The man had a drive and a deep love of life that kept him moving. But I'm still trying to understand why this story matters. Understanding national archetypes helps us see the framework of our thinking, what we value and the things that seek to define us. A deeper look into national identity, and an awareness of this gives us the right to evaluate the good and the not so good. In the coming episodes will explore the rest of Boone's life, including the heroic rescue of his daughter from Indians and the lore of an illegitimate daughter, the death of his son, and fortunes won and lost. Will also explore the historical revision of Boone and the controversy of us celebrating him. It's improbable to think that after listening to a few podcasts you could understand the fullness of who Boon was, and it's my hope that you might explore Boone yourself. Ultimately, I hope that his character, both positive and negative, will make us more relevant today and continuing to define American identity in I Oh My. Our exploration of Boone is an appeal to the masses to remember where we came from, and it's a cry to not forget the American backwoodsman, because we're still here and we deserve a lasting place at the American table because it's in our d n A. Folks, I cannot thank you enough for listening to the Beargrease podcast. We're pouring out everything we've got into these and thank you for the iTunes reviews, and I asked those of you who haven't to give us a review on iTunes and share this podcast with your buddies. Thanks A ton

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